项目需求：有一个列表(Table)来显示所有数据、这个页面有添加、修改、删除、搜索功能，并且使用同一个表单(Form)来实现这些功能。
数据列表
数据添加和编辑
注意下面两张图的URL是不同的，但使用的是同一个表单(ModelForm)，实现思路是，如果参数为0那么添加数据，否则调用主键ID的数据，并显示在表单中，修改成功后返回首页。
一、创建数据模型(Model)
# models.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models
class Forum(models.Model):
"""问答平台模型"""
name = models.CharField('平台', max_length=64)
url = models.URLField('链接', max_length=200)
index = models.IntegerField('排序', default=99)
class Meta:
verbose_name = '平台'
verbose_name_plural = '问答平台'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Wenda(models.Model):
"""问答数据模型"""
STATE = [
(0, '未回答'),
(1, '已回答'),
(2, '已采纳'),
(3, '已失效'),
]
title = models.CharField('标题', max_length=128)
url = models.URLField('链接', max_length=200)
category = models.ForeignKey(Forum, verbose_name='问答平台', on_delete=models.CASCADE, default='1')
tiwen_user = models.CharField('提问账号', max_length=64)
huida_user = models.CharField('回答账号', max_length=64)
tiwen_time = models.DateField('提问时间', auto_now_add=False)
huida_time = models.DateField('回答时间', auto_now_add=False)
create_time = models.DateTimeField('创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
state = models.IntegerField('状态', choices=STATE, default=0)
user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name='用户', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, null=True, blank=True)
class Meta:
verbose_name = '问答'
verbose_name_plural = '问答推广'
def __str__(self):
return self.title
二、创建表单(ModelForm)
# form.py
from django.forms import ModelForm
from django.forms import widgets
from wenda.models import Wenda
class WendaForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Wenda
fields = "__all__"
exclude = ['user']
widgets = {
# 这里是把tiwen_time、huida_time两个字段的前端类型改成date，目的是为了快速选择日期
'tiwen_time': widgets.DateInput(attrs={'type': 'date', 'id': 'time'}),
'huida_time': widgets.DateInput(attrs={'type': 'date', 'id': 'time'}),
}
三、创建逻辑操作(View)
# views.py
from django.db.models import Q
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from wenda.form import WendaForm
from wenda.models import Wenda
def wenda(request):
# 问答列表
if request.method == 'GET':
wenda_list = Wenda.objects.all().order_by('-create_time')
elif request.method == 'POST':
input_str = request.POST.get('search_text')
wenda_list = Wenda.objects.filter(Q(title__contains=input_str) | Q(category__name__contains=input_str))
return render(request, 'wenda/wenda.html', locals())
def wenda_add(request, wenda_id):
# 问答添加和修改视图
wenda_list = None
if str(wenda_id) == '0':
if request.method == 'POST':
form = WendaForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
try:
form.save()
return redirect('/wenda/')
except:
message = '数据添加失败'
else:
form = WendaForm()
else:
wenda_list = Wenda.objects.get(pk=wenda_id)
if request.method != 'POST':
form = WendaForm(instance=wenda_list)
else:
try:
form = WendaForm(instance=wenda_list, data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('/wenda/')
except:
message = '数据修改失败'
context = {
'form': form,
'wenda_list': wenda_list,
}
return render(request, 'wenda/add.html', context)
def wenda_del(request, wenda_id):
# 问答删除
wenda_list = Wenda.objects.get(id=wenda_id)
if not wenda_list:
message = '数据删除失败'
else:
wenda_list.delete()
return redirect('/wenda/')
四、创建url配置
# urls.py
from django.urls import path
from wenda import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.wenda, name='wenda'), # 首页
path('add/<int:wenda_id>', views.wenda_add, name='add'), # 添加和编辑
path('delete/<int:wenda_id>',views.wenda_del,name='delete'), # 删除
]
五、前端模板
# wenda.html
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>问答管理</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0">
<script src="/static/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/js/nav.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/css/iconfont.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/css/common.css">
</head>
<body>
<main>
{% include 'header.html' %}
<div class="content">
<div class="search">
<form action="" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="text" name="search_text" placeholder="请输入关键字">
<button type="submit">搜索</button>
</form>
<a href="{% url 'add' 0 %}" class="add">添加</a>
</div>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>标题</th>
<th>链接</th>
<th>平台</th>
<th>提问账号</th>
<th>提问时间</th>
<th>回答账号</th>
<th>回答时间</th>
<th>创建时间</th>
<th>状态</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% if wenda_list %}
{% for wenda_list in wenda_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ wenda_list.title }}</td>
<td>{{ wenda_list.url }}</td>
<td>{{ wenda_list.category }}</td>
<td>{{ wenda_list.tiwen_user }}</td>
<td>{{ wenda_list.tiwen_time }}</td>
<td>{{ wenda_list.huida_user }}</td>
<td>{{ wenda_list.huida_time }}</td>
<td>{{ wenda_list.create_time }}</td>
{% if wenda_list.state == 3 %}
<td style="color:#f60c0c">{{ wenda_list.get_state_display }}</td>
{% else %}
<td style="color:#1ad014">{{ wenda_list.get_state_display }}</td>
{% endif %}
<td><a href="{% url 'add' wenda_list.id %}">编辑</a><a
href="{% url 'delete' wenda_list.id %}">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
<tr>
<td style="width:100%;">没有数据</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</main>
</body>
</html>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>问答管理</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0">
<script src="/static/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/js/layui.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/common.css">
</head>
<body>
{% include 'header.html' %}
<main>
<div class="change">
{% if wenda_list %}
<h2>问答修改</h2>
<form action="{% url 'add' wenda_list.id %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button type="submit">保存</button>
</form>
{% else %}
<h2>问答添加</h2>
<form action="{% url 'add' 0 %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button type="submit">保存</button>
</form>
{% endif %}
</div>
</main>
</body>
</html>
